The effects of Formononetin Derived from Red Clover During Pregnancy on Puberty, Some Reproductive Parameters and Lordosis Behavior of Female Mice

Abstract   Background & aim: Formostontin is a non-steroidal phytostrogenic polyphenolic plant with estrogen-like properties found in some plants, including red clover. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of formostontin during pregnancy on the onset of puberty, estrus cycle, genital weights and their children's lordosis behavior.   Methods: In the present experimental study, twenty pregnant mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: control (non-treated), control (sesame oil) and the three experimental groups receiving formonotonin at doses of 5, 50 and 500 mg / kg body weight. . All of the prescriptions were administered intraperitoneally to pregnant mice from the 7th day of pregnancy to the end of pregnancy. Female children (6-8 = number) were examined for vaginal opening, estrus cycle, reproductive organs weight and lordosis behavior. Data were analyzed using Kolmogrov-Smirnov statistical tests, one way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test.   Results: The vaginal opening days were significantly higher in the 500 mg of formonotonin (p <0.01). The first estrus was significantly delayed in groups 50 (p <0.05) and 500 (p <0.01). A reduction in the number of estrous cycles and an increase in the duration of the estrous cycle was observed in group 500 (p <0.05) and diasteretic index increased in groups 50 (p <0.05) and 500 (p <0.01). Reduction in ovarian weight and reduction in the number of flesh in group 500 (p <0.05) and uterine weight gain (p <0.05) were observed in groups 50 and 500. In addition, increased concentrations of estradiol were observed in the groups 50 (p <0.05) and 500 (p <0.001), and LH level and lordosis reduction in group 500 (p <0.001) in comparison to the control group.   Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that the exposure of pregnant mice with Formentontin resulted in premature puberty, estrus cycle disorder, weight loss in sexual organs, and decreased sexual behavior in offspring of their female sex.